| The conventional view of gut-brain-axis is that bidirectional signaling between the gut and brain regulates a wide range of intestinal physiology including immune regulation. The immune regulation or dysregulation resulting from the reciprocal interaction between the gut and brain in turn regulates brain function and behavior. Peripheral regulatory T (pTreg) cells are most abundant in the colon and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are largely responsible for differentiation of pTregs in the gut. Here, we report a previously unappreciated neural circuit, connecting gut microbiota-derived stimuli, vagal hepatic afferent, brain stem, and the vagal efferent, and tunes the number of pTregs in the colon and eventually contributes to keep the gut homeostasis. |
