Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) arise through the interaction of psychosocial factors and gastrointestinal physiological functions (motility, visceral sensation, and mucosal barrier). They are now increasingly understood as disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), mediated by bidirectional communication through the nervous system linking the gut and the brain. Furthermore, key factors bridging these two systems include the gut microbiota and diet-derived metabolites, as well as the intestinal immune abnormalities and inflammation they may provoke. In this panel discussion, we invite a broad range of research findings, spanning from basic science to clinical studies, that address the pathophysiology of FGIDs from diverse perspectives such as gut-brain interaction, gastrointestinal motility, visceral sensation, mucosal barrier, and the gut microbiota. In addition, with the publication of Rome V anticipated in 2026, we aim to engage in an active discussion on the future directions of diagnosis and treatment of FGIDs from this new perspective.