肝細胞癌治療は近年，大きな転換期を迎えている．非ウイルス性症例が主体となり肝機能良好例が増える一方，サーベイランス外で発見される進行例も増加している．外科切除の適応については，肝細胞癌の腫瘍学的切除可能性分類（BR分類）が提唱され，腫瘍条件に応じた位置づけが示された．一方，進行例では複合免疫療法が主軸となり，VEGF-TKI時代には経験できなかった深い奏効が臨床で得られている．これにより，切除不能と判断された症例が根治治療へつなげられ，cancer freeに至るケースも現れている．しかし，複合免疫療法後の後治療戦略はいまだ確立されておらず，奏効例を選別するためのバイオマーカー探索も克服すべき課題である．さらに，治療戦略全体のなかで，焼灼療法とTACEの位置づけ，粒子線治療の活用，肝移植の役割，免疫関連肝障害のマネジメントも重要な論点である．本セッションでは，集学的治療の最新課題と展望について幅広く議論したい．

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment has entered a period of major transition. The shift toward non-viral etiologies has increased the number of patients with preserved liver function, while cases diagnosed at an advanced stage outside surveillance programs are also rising. Surgical indications have been redefined through the recently proposed BR classification of oncologic resectability, which stratifies patients according to tumor conditions. For advanced disease, combination immunotherapies have become the standard, producing responses of unprecedented depth compared with the VEGF-TKI era. Consequently, cases once deemed unresectable can now be converted to curative treatments, achieving cancer-free status. However, post-immunotherapy treatment strategies remain undefined, and the search for biomarkers to identify responders continues to be an urgent issue. Moreover, the roles of ablation, TACE, particle therapy, liver transplantation, and the management of immune-related liver injury remain critical topics. This session will explore current challenges and future perspectives in multimodality treatment for HCC.